Artificial intelligence is no longer confined to civilian technology; it is increasingly shaping how modern wars are fought. From AI-assisted surveillance and target identification to autonomous drones and weapons capable of operating with limited human input, militaries are rapidly integrating systems that can make decisions faster than any human soldier. While these technologies may improve precision, reduce risks to personnel, and strengthen national defence, they also introduce serious dangers that existing international law was not designed to address.

The central concern is not simply the existence of advanced weapons, but the growing possibility of machines taking on decisions traditionally made by humans. Questions of accountability become difficult when an autonomous system misidentifies a civilian target, acts unpredictably, or escalates a conflict before human commanders can intervene. There are also concerns surrounding cyber manipulation, proliferation to non-state actors, unequal access to military AI, and the possibility of a new global arms race driven by technological competition.

The committee must therefore examine how far autonomy in warfare should be permitted, what level of human control must remain mandatory, and whether current legal frameworks are sufficient. Delegates will have to balance military innovation and national security against humanitarian concerns, responsibility, transparency, and the need to prevent irreversible consequences in future conflicts.